今天金博宝188官网小编整理了2023年雅思写作三类关系总结（雅思机经：11月5日雅思A类阅读机经考题汇总）相关信息，希望在这方面能够更好的大家。
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2023年雅思写作三类关系总结
您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！雅思写作除了词汇量要达到以外，还有很多提分点的哦。小钟老师为雅思栏目大家带来2023年雅思写作三类关系总结，希望对大家备考雅思有所帮助!
2023年雅思写作三类关系总结
雅思大作文中有一类题目是因果关系类，具体包括三小类：cause and effect、cause and solution、problem and solution。这三小类问题也可以穿起来，即针对某个topic的cause—effect (即problem) – solution。
无论哪种题目，写明因果关系很重要。关于因果关系的表达同学们都很熟悉，无非是BS(because / so)，而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英语中，用了前者就不能用后者的道理。例如：
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Because further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, an increasing number of people have degrees.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, so an increasing number of people have degrees.
但是除了BS之外，还有很多其它表示因果关系的表达，具体如下：
Because系列(表原因)：
1. because of : because后接的是一个句子(主谓宾);because of 后一般直接跟名词。例如：
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Because of the increasing number of machine—and as we noted before, machines magnify human effort—then anyone using a machine can get a higher wage than anyone not using a machine.
2. as / since(除了“因为“外，还有”自从”的意思，使用时要注意避免歧义)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Hours spent on commuting, traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, sinceworkers make fewer journeys or work staggered hours.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Unfortunately, as the number of people living in the city increases, so do the different problems associated with population growth. (注意此句中的so不表示“所以”，而是“…也…”的意思)
3. thanks to(positive situations通常适用于结果好的时候)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Thanks to new technology, it's easier than ever to work remotely.
due to (negative situations通常使用与结果不好的时候)
owing to / attributable to /on account of.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Due to /… / On account ofextreme weather conditions, damage to property occurs.
4. 当原因需要的表达较多时，我们还可以把以上表达改写为原因状语从句，使用thanks to the fact that / due to the fact that /owing to the fact that或者on the grounds that ,,,
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Will we live longer merely due to the fact that / on the grounds that technology, if implemented properly, will take stress away from our lives
5. caused by /result from也表原因
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Many car accidents were resulted from / caused bya lack of guardrails
So系列(表结果)：
1. thus/ therefore/ thereby / hence
thus：表示‘in this/that way’
As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas.
therefore：表示 ‘for this reason’ /‘because of this or that’
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Therefore, the influence of the peer group is important both for one’s own competence and for the relative evaluation of the process itself, given that one sees oneself in relation to others.
thereby:by that means, as a result of that
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结In some countries, reduced budgets have led to the elimination of busing systems, therebyincreasing the use of cars and the congestion they create.
hence: 表示 ‘from this/that’
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Drinking lots of water is healthy and reducing plastic waste is great for the environment. Hence, trendy reusable water bottles that you can refill yourself are health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green.
2.As a result /As a consequence
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结As a consequence, environmental health must address the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.
3.consequently/ accordingly
Consequently更偏重因果逻辑;accordingly更偏重后续解决
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.
Cause系列(表结果)：
1. cause(v.)引起
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The amount of garbage produced by the people also increases whichcauses sanitary landfills to fill up faster.
2. lead to / result in导致
注意这里是result in, 后跟结果，前面提到的result from后面跟的是原因。
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The society’s attitude to food often leads to over-consumption.
3. bring about: to cause to take place 引起，带来(注意使用时更倾向于“带来“这个意思)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The internet technologies that have brought about so much social change were scarcely imaginable just decades before they appeared.
4.spark off引发、引爆，具体指引发比较严重的后果、冲突等(=trigger / activate)，或指”点燃“(=inspire)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Spark offa series of problems / a chain of events related to…
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结They can spark off each other's talents
affect系列(影响到)
1. Affect / influence
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结More likely than not, getting a vehicle from point "A" to point "B" involves combustion of a fossil fuel, a process that emits gasses and affectsthe environment and the ozone layer.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结People's behavioris influenced by circumstances and events, friends and family, education, job prospects, income, housing and environment.
2. impact on对…产生影响 (impact 一般做名词使用，也可以作为动词)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Over the last few decades, there has been a tremendous growth in information technology, which can impact onour everyday life.
3. give rise to使发生
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The decrease inthe number of bicycles and cars might give rise to anothernew set of problems.
名词系列(因果)
1. cause(of sth.) / reason 原因
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Obesity can be divided into three main causes – diet, lifestyle and education.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons.
2. result (for sth.) / effect 结果
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结This is a difficult problem with many seriouseffects on the individual and country.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Another result is lack of self-esteem.
3. causality因果关系 (cause and effect)causation 原因
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The correlation between population and housing price does not indicated causality, only the association.这里的causality也可以换成： causal effect (因果效应)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Such a causality-driven, prevention-focused approach to homicide and other serious crime would revolutionize our conception of criminal justice, moving from the imposition of “just deserts” to the enlightened pursuit of a less violent society.
4. impact/ influence影响
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结This area is often overlooked but has a tremendous impact on your life
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Friends have a biginfluence on the way that we use social media—from unwritten rules to buying decisions and so much more.
形容词系列(因果)表示因果的形容词不是很常用，使用时多和factor, element 结合
1.causal 原因的，因果的
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Low income and elderly are among the potential causalfactors of prevalence of obesity among adults.
2.consequential 结果的，随之发生的
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Measures other than ratings will prove more consequential.
3.influential影响的，有影响力的(大多数情况下使用第二个意思)
Family is the most influential factor on happiness.
如果能够准确无误的使用以上因果关系表达，就完成了二段修炼。当然，有输入才能有输出，刘美娟老师建议大家还是要多看多写多练。
雅思作文栏目推荐阅读：
雅思大作文写法步骤
雅思小作文中分布解析饼形图的写作技巧
雅思写作中陌生词汇的表达方法
剑桥雅思11Test1Task1小作文范文及解析
希望以上的答复能对您的留学申请有所帮助。如果您有任何更详细的问题或需要进一步的协助，我强烈推荐您访问我们的留学官方网站 ，在那里您可以找到更多专业的留学考试规划和留学资料以及一对一的咨询服务。祝您留学申请顺利！
雅思机经：2011年11月5日雅思A类阅读机经考题汇总
下面是2011年11月5日雅思阅读机经的内容，无论考的好坏下了雅思战场就有好多同学给大家分享自己的体会和机经，想要更好的备考下面的雅思阅读考试，我们需要参考一下2011年11月5日雅思阅读考题的内容。1.一篇航空与环境的，一篇关于疾病的(Malania?)，还有一篇企业管理的，说的好像是错误的商业idea也应该被注意云云……
一共4篇mathing吧，两个T/F/NG，一个填空，一个选择其他记不住了……
2.第一篇是关于一种通过蚊子传播的病的，第二篇是航空污染的，各个组织的建议，第三篇是关于商业成功的，貌似失误也有商机啥的
3.S1讲的是航空与环境的，第一题是给你一句话让你找出在哪儿，无印象，第二个是配对，总之总是在找细节。
S2讲的是疟疾的影响，开始一直在说意大利的神马神马，开始大家都认为这是一种空气传播的疾病，没人想到是insects在搞鬼，直到后来一个意大利的学者貌似把活人拉到疟疾重灾区不让蚊子咬(好残忍)，这人却不得疟疾，终于找到病源啦。后来在第四段貌似奎宁出来啦，治好了不少人，但是有很多人怀疑这东西而不使用，惨啊。后来的研究进入近代研究洛克菲勒中心啊，米国啊都支持的研究如何如何，没仔细看，直到现在疟疾还能杀死很多人
S3讲的是商业成功与不经意间的失败带来的创新，先是判断对错，后来有个配对，后面是5个选择，我先做的选择题，很好找，都在文章的后半部分。配对没找全(具体题目无法回忆，因为这时候脑袋很浑浊)，判断的我只记得，多为弦外之音，有很多我感觉都是似是而非，
4.阅读1是讲灰机和环境的，配对题，比较简单。
阅读2是讲疟疾的，也还可以。
阅读3是讲失败中得到的意外的成功。总体来说叫难!MD!最后一秒发现自己第二道选择选成B了!没时间改了!悲催!答案应该是C。总的来说阅读还可以!1.2篇很简单的说
5.武汉湖北大学考场回忆
今天阅读变态了…………24个配对题 第一个是说航空的问题 其中很多机构和一位教授与他们的行为、言论配对 NB，第二个是说天花 判断、填空、配对，第三个不太记得了 但没前两个难
6.
1.航空与环境。
2.the conquest of Malaria in Italy.
3.错误在商业环境中也有可能是一种创新。
7.阅读：第一篇是疟疾，从历史，言论，志愿者一直到当今科技，不难，答案很明确，段落也很清晰
第二篇是飞机对于环境的污染，其中有些matching，大概是irrs atav fisher 还有一个什么组织的言论的配对。事实上全球变暖的主要因素不是因为飞机，但是飞机可能会在今后会成为主要因素，驾驶飞机有很多益处。
第三篇是商业中的事故也有自己的价值，其中有个世界第五大啤酒品牌，只是换个牌子换个名字就大卖，微软公司也是靠着别人的发明而发家，有些小公司follow这样的事故但是没办法handle，要集合有个性的人才为一个团队去协作，很多人不希望意外发生因为不知道自己是否掌控也不知道后果。
以上就是关于2011年11月5日雅思阅读机经的全部内容，包括了对这次考试的文章的题目问题类型和大致内容做的一个整理和分析。大家可以在备考雅思阅读考试的过程中根据自己的实际情况选择一些话题进行背景知识的准备。
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析
做好雅思的阅读题除了掌握对的 方法 ，也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习，下面我给大家带来剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS
A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.
B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.
C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.
D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.
E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.
F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS题目
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of athletes
7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event
Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they
A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude tents
Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案
Question 1
答案：B
关键词：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports
定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”
解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。
Question 2
答案：C
关键词: visual imaging/3D, image
定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis …”
解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。
Question 3
答案：B
关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time
定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”
解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达，定位答题区域，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。
Question 4
答案：F
关键词：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying
定位原文: F段第1句话 “Of course, there’s nothing…”
解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从 文章 中发现 句子 有复制copying，即可以直接定位。
Question 5
答案：D
关键词：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor
定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”
解题思路: 题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的，而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器，而且obstacles和impact对应。
Question 6
答案：A
关键词：Overview, funded support finance
定位原文: A段倒数第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”
解题思路: finances是解题关键，意思为资助，正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项，直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议，可以确信答案。
Question 7
答案：E
关键词：Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship
定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”
解题思路: 首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段， 之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率，因此内容对应上calculate，此时可断定答案的位置。
Question 8
答案：A
关键词: digital cameras
定位原文: C段倒数第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”
解题思路: 前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中，而没有提到其他国家，因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。
Question 9
答案：B
关键词：sensor
定位原文: D段第7句：“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”
解题思路: 找到相同对应词sensor，读其前后的句子，发现有 Melbourne，断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时，表示正在开发;而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时，所以可以断定此发明还没有完成，应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。
Question 10
答案: A
关键词：protein
定位原文: D段倒数第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”
解题思路: 非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test ...protein。之后细读前后句，发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员，即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择A。
Question 11
答案：C
关键词: altitude tent
定位原文: F段倒数第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent ’…”
解题思路: 文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词 短语 ，因此只要细心读原句，就会发现开头的‘The same has happened...’同样的事情也发生在……根据 经验 应该顺着文章向上追溯，发现跟‘altitude tent’相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此 ‘altitude tent’也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用，即髙原帐蓬和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。
Question 12
答案： (a)competition model
关键词： help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing
定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”
解题思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 对应上prepare the athlete by之后，要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced,断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应，中文意思是“开发”，则答案必定是开发之后的名词。
Question 13
答案： (by)2 percent/%
关键词： 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve
定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”
解题思路: 分析问句是 ‘By how much... improve’，意思为“提高了多少”，可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘and rowers’ time。很快就可以找到数字百分之二
。
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