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剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析
做好雅思的阅读题除了掌握对的 方法 ，也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习，下面我给大家带来剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS
A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.
B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.
C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.
D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.
E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.
F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS题目
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of athletes
7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event
Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they
A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude tents
Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案
Question 1
答案：B
关键词：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports
定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”
解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。
Question 2
答案：C
关键词: visual imaging/3D, image
定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis …”
解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。
Question 3
答案：B
关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time
定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”
解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达，定位答题区域，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。
Question 4
答案：F
关键词：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying
定位原文: F段第1句话 “Of course, there’s nothing…”
解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从 文章 中发现 句子 有复制copying，即可以直接定位。
Question 5
答案：D
关键词：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor
定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”
解题思路: 题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的，而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器，而且obstacles和impact对应。
Question 6
答案：A
关键词：Overview, funded support finance
定位原文: A段倒数第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”
解题思路: finances是解题关键，意思为资助，正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项，直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议，可以确信答案。
Question 7
答案：E
关键词：Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship
定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”
解题思路: 首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段， 之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率，因此内容对应上calculate，此时可断定答案的位置。
Question 8
答案：A
关键词: digital cameras
定位原文: C段倒数第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”
解题思路: 前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中，而没有提到其他国家，因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。
Question 9
答案：B
关键词：sensor
定位原文: D段第7句：“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”
解题思路: 找到相同对应词sensor，读其前后的句子，发现有 Melbourne，断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时，表示正在开发;而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时，所以可以断定此发明还没有完成，应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。
Question 10
答案: A
关键词：protein
定位原文: D段倒数第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”
解题思路: 非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test ...protein。之后细读前后句，发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员，即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择A。
Question 11
答案：C
关键词: altitude tent
定位原文: F段倒数第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent ’…”
解题思路: 文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词 短语 ，因此只要细心读原句，就会发现开头的‘The same has happened...’同样的事情也发生在……根据 经验 应该顺着文章向上追溯，发现跟‘altitude tent’相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此 ‘altitude tent’也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用，即髙原帐蓬和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。
Question 12
答案： (a)competition model
关键词： help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing
定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”
解题思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 对应上prepare the athlete by之后，要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced,断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应，中文意思是“开发”，则答案必定是开发之后的名词。
Question 13
答案： (by)2 percent/%
关键词： 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve
定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”
解题思路: 分析问句是 ‘By how much... improve’，意思为“提高了多少”，可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘and rowers’ time。很快就可以找到数字百分之二
。
雅思机经：2023.4.21 雅思阅读机经考题
您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！下面是2023年4月21日雅思阅读机经的内容，包括了这次考试涉及到的有印度乡村的交通，肌肉萎缩和英国的森林等非常流行的阅读话题。为了更好的备考雅思阅读考试，我们一起来看看这三篇雅思阅读考题的内容吧。 Reading Passage 1 Title: Practical Action （印度乡村的交通） Question types:YES/NO/NOT GIVEN Sentence completion 填图题 文章内容回顾这篇讲的是印度乡村的交通状况，农村地区的交通不便给当地经济带来的不利，讲到政府应该更加重视落后地区的交通问题。第一个题型判断题是根据前三段做的，中间部分介绍了一个慈善组织做的事情，后面讲了这个组织农的一个送生病者去医院的山寨救护车，还可以有家属陪同，还有cover防雨什么的，后面的填图题根据最后两段填的。 题型难度分析第一种题型，有4个Yes, No, Not given的判断，这是这次考试仅有的四个判断，难度不大，属于细节题型集中在前三段。
第二种和第三种都是填空类题型，相对而言内容较为简单，文章定位也容易，因此总的来说，第一篇相对简单。
题型技巧分析填空题型根据出题形式的不同，填空类题型可以分为Sentence completion（句子填空题），Summary（段落摘要），Summary with a box （带选项的段落摘要），Table completion（表格题），Flow chart（流程图），Diagram labelling（图片题）等六大题型。传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开，但是殊不知这些题型的出题思路大同小异，一旦掌握了这些题目的共性，做题就会变得易如反掌。
首先，我们来看一下这些雅思填空类题目的出题共同特点：
1. 考查内容均为细节 每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写，不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳。
2. 所填答案基本唯一 虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案，但是所有答案均来自于原文，不需要进行考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写。极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒，但是基本上不需要考生进行词性、时态、单复数等屈折形式的转换。这是由雅思阅读的目的所决定的，雅思阅读只考查考生的阅读能力，而无意检验考生的写作能力。
3. 所有题目均有字数限制 所有这类题目的指令里面都包括字数限制的要求，一般都是不超过3个字，这同样是由阅读考试客观性、标准性的性质所决定的。如果对答案不设字数限制，那么往往会导致出现多个标准答案的现象，这也是不符合考试的原则的。因为阅卷的时候标准答案越少，试卷的批阅的过程就越客观、越公正。
4. 题目都是原文的同义改写 雅思阅读考试的本质是考查英语使用者的书面英语能力，在很大程度上就是看考生在一定的英语语言基础上的阅读技能。寻找原文的过程是对考生阅读技能的检验，而题目本身则是考查考生的语言功底，即词汇和语法基础。所以每道填空题目都会用另外一种方式对原文中的句子进行同义改写，这种同义转换包括词汇的转换和句型的转换两种方式。
5. 基本都讲顺序原则 除了带选项的段落摘要题比较不稳定之外，其它所有的填空题都比较严格地遵循顺序原则，即题号的顺序与原文的顺序一致。掌握这条原则，考生将有效地缩短寻找答案的时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑桥7 test 2 passage3 Reading Passage 2 Title: Muscle Loss Question types:Which paragraph contains the following information? Pick from a list Summary completion 文章内容回顾第二篇是讲肌肉萎缩之类的，科学家发明一种药能从人体内部作用于细胞，抵抗这种退化，而不是以往的观念，要运动锻炼肌肉。但可能有一些副作用，而且效用不持久。这种药物治疗还是将有利于老年人等肌肉萎缩无力的人群，但也将不可避免的被运动员等用以……我忘了原文怎么说的了，大概就是inappropriate use. 前面是段落细节信息配对，然后5选2 题目是关于研究过程中和成果中，下列哪些说得对，答案大概都出自C段应该是集中在一两段的样子，然后文章中讲了一个superboy, 他3、5岁就能每手拿起3公斤（应该是答案）的东西，科学家就研究他，发现他妈妈是professional runners（好像是答案），而且他妈妈的亲戚中也有人……类似这种先天基因，忘记了。然后就出了一堆填空题就讲这件事。 英文原文阅读One injection may be all that is needed to reverse muscle wasting in cancer, if an experimental technique used in mice can one day be made to work in people. Like humans, mice with cancer experience severe muscle wasting. Mice with colon cancer studied by HQ Han and colleagues at Amgen Research in California stopped eating, and lost 20 per cent of their body weight in three weeks. Many tumours produce a molecule called activin, which plays a role in muscle breakdown. So Han and his team injected a protein that mops up excess activin, five or 14 days after mice were implanted with a colon tumour. In both cases, the mice started eating and their body weight returned to normal within two weeks. Mice with gonad tumours responded in a similar way. The treatment also led to the mice surviving longer. By the time all the untreated mice had died, around 90 per cent of the treated mice were still alive. "The findings highlight the importance of preserving muscle mass for survival," says Kate Murphy at the University of Melbourne. BIGGER, stronger muscles can be produced by gene therapy, an experiment on mice suggests. Loss of muscle mass can cripple and kill patients with conditions such as muscular dystrophy. And even ordinary ageing saps up to one third of our strength. "Slowing down that process could mean the difference between someone being mobile and being helpless," says Lee Sweeney, a physiologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. One possible explanation for muscle decline is an inability to repair normal damage. When muscle cells are damaged they send molecular signals to nearby "satellite" cells, which then produce new cells that fuse with the muscle and repair the damage. Sweeney suspected that muscle cells might stay sturdy if they pumped out more of these signals. To test this, he and his colleagues added the gene for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which stimulates satellite-cell activity in a test tube, to a ... 题型难度分析第一种题型是段落细节信息配对，这个题型是雅思阅读中难度较高的题。这个文章有6个题目，8个段落，这六个题内容涉及到人们抵抗什么药，misuse药物对老年人有益，已经存在的一个方法的不好的地方，被证明不能长期有效，未来一个计划将带来的问题。 第二种题型是多选题，5选2，答案集中，集中在第三段。
第三种题型是摘要题，无选项。有个被称为superboy（题目里给的）的小孩，一开始的时候专家观察他不fat（不确定）然后他5岁时双手可以个举起5kgs（具体记不清了大概这个数）的东西，然后他妈妈是个（running 什么的，就是和运动有关的），还有个空忘记了。最后说他体内缺少什么，在那一段最后提到了，一个专有名词。
题型技巧分析细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧： 首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。
1. 彻底同义转换 和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文中定位答案。考生必须具备非常强的语言理解能力，才能快速识别出文章信息和段落信息的相似之处，从而找到答案。
2. 完全乱序 由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。
3. 部分题目存在重复选项 在雅思阅读中，段落细节配对题以两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只能用一次，另外一种题型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有这样的提示： NB You may use any letter more than once. 如果出现这样的提示，则说明某些段落可以重复选用。剑桥真题集中的真题以及笔者、考生的实际考试经历证明，这种指令往往意味着有且仅有一个选项可以使用两次。
4. 从题量上来看，存在着以下两种可能：
1) 题量=段落数+1（肯定带NB）
2) 题量小于段落数两个以上 由于每个选项只能重复使用一次，因此第一种题型就意味着每个段落都会有至少一个答案，而第二种题型则不能保证每段都有。
5. 永远是第一个题型 不管在A类考试还是G类的考试中，我们发现，这种题目永远是出现在第一个题型，而且这种题型与段落标题配对题型List of headings属于“相克题型”，即这两者不可能同时出现。
6. 有部分题目与其后的题目有关联 由于这种题型一般都是跨全文出的，因此跟后面的题目不可避免地出现交叉，因此有可能根据后面的题目来推断出细节所在的位置。
题量=段落数+1, 且带NB的题型： 前面讲过，由于段落细节配对题的出题特点，这种题型往往暗示了每段都会有至少一个答案，那么这种题目适合用“通篇浏览”的方法来做。
具体步骤如下：
1. 阅读所有题目，划出关键词 关键词就是能最大限度上概括整个句子的单词或短语，第一步划出关键词，在短时间内将所有的题目进行高度的浓缩，符合人类短期记忆的规律。
2. 通读所有段落，依次寻找答案 因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要在选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑桥6 test1 passage1 Reading Passage 3 Title: British Woodlands （ 英国的森林 ） Question types:Which paragraph contains the following information? Summary completion with box 文章内容回顾讲的是英国woodlands的演变利用和最后的管理，大致文章脉络是在人类的入侵之前英国的植被覆盖情况----人类初期的入侵方式c什么的和burning, 砍伐和火烧吧----工业革命之后，建筑的土木结构被砖石结构替代以及煤炭替代木材作为燃烧原料之后，人们对森林的掠夺从以燃烧原料和建筑材料为目的到了以工业发展为目的，machinery还有chemicals的引入使森林的状况日趋恶化----- 人们意识到保护森林的重要，开始投入人力物力进行保护----对此做法的评判，有积极影响，但局限是这些人以经济利益为目的，一旦profits disappear, they will stop. 题型难度分析第一种题型是段落细节信息配对，有7个问题，和文中8个段落配对，有一个重复的，包括生物学的证明woodland的appearance, 在人类的影响下特定物种的突出，对incentive system的质疑（就是不支持financial的政策）等。
最后是一个摘要总结题有选项的。先说在人们的影响下有些species占了主导，然后人们控制数量，用burning, 然后是machinery的引入对树的影响，然后人们的行为影响了野生动物的habitat, 最后是政府的支持grants到处可见，还有个题说rigid什么patterns to gain more profit。
题型技巧分析Summary题型在阅读中是填空题型中的一种，是主流题型。 按照范围，这类题可分成全文题和段落题，按照填空内容, summary也可分原文原词或从多个选项中选词。原文原词的题目要求中会有from the Reading Passage的字样。从多个选项中选词，选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。一般有选项类的summary, 各项之间极有可能乱序，而不像原文原词类的summary, 从剑5至剑7，均为按顺序出题。
下面我们来看看解题步骤：
（1）仔细读summary的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。如果题目要求中已经指出了summary的出处，则此步可以略去不做。
（2）注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。
对应词的特点如下：
A. 原词，这种可能性不大，如果有，也往往出现在一套题三篇阅读的第一篇中。
B. 词性变化，也即为同根词转化，这点在新东方的词汇课上，老师都有专门讲述。
C. 语态变化；主动变被动，在2023年的各次考试中，这种变化比较普遍。
D. 同义词；如空格前的词为develop，原文中的词为produce，两个词在雅思考试中，都常考研发的意思。
（3）利用排除法，把summary每一个对应词在原文中的映射划去，基本上，原文那一句就不剩几个词了，根据词性把剩下的词挑出来就好。
（4）注意语法和逻辑，所填答案必须符合语法规定，填上的词，也要配合原文读读，看看逻辑上是不是说得通。
TIPS：
1. 注意题目要求中是否有字数限制。 若要求从原文选词或自己写词，会有字数要求，如Use ONE OR TWO WORDS等，答案必须满足这个要求。
2. 若从原文选词，只能选原文中连续的几个词，不能改变它们的顺序。 如原文为virgin fiber,答案不可能是fiber virgin。原文为 advances in the technology，答案不可能是technology advances。
3. 若要求从原文选词，越是生词，越可能是答案。 下列比较生僻的词如sustainable（可持续的）、biodegradable（可生物降解的）、contaminants（废物，杂物）、nostrils（鼻孔）都是一些题目的答案。
4. 从选项中选词，要注意看题目要求是写答案本身，还是写选项前的代表字母。 选项前有代表字母的，肯定是要求答代表字母。最近的考试中，选项前大部分都有代表字母。
5. 从选项中选词，答案与原文的六大对应关系。
（1）原文原词：与原文完全相同的词或短语。
（2）词性变化：原文为necessary，是形容词，选项为necessity，是名词。
（3）语态变化：原文为Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes，是主动语态。summary中的句子为people have also been encouraged by government to collect their waste on a regular basis，是被动语态。
（4）图表：如果原文中有图表，一般会有一题答案来自图表。
（5）同义词：原文为tight，选项为restricted，是同义词。
（6）归纳：有时文中没有直接提及，须从几句话中归纳出答案。一般比较难，目前考试中，至少有一个空格是归纳出来的。
6. 从选项中选词，如果时间不够，可以直接从选项中选择，不看原文。 这时，要特别注意语法。这样做的准确性50%左右（视题目的难易及考生的水平而定）。所以，除非时间不够，否则不建议大家这样做。
7. 如果要求自己写词，答案绝大部分是原文原词，少部分是对原文原词做的形式上的修改。 要求自己写词的机率很小，遇到过一次。在这一次的5个题目中有4个答案是原文原词，剩下一个，原文原词是de-inked, 答案根据语法的需要改为de-ink。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑桥6 test2 passage2 考试趋势分析和备考指导：本次雅思阅读考试和今年以往的考试一样出现了很多“人见人烦”的配对题，尤其是段落细节配对题，在这次考试中有两次。接下来的雅思阅读考试题型很有可能将会出现“判断题数量持续下降，配对题比重稳中有升，题型分布不均匀”这三大特点。判断题由于其出题周期长，出题成本相对较大，同时，有些情况下判断题并不能非常精确地衡量考生的英语水平（无数考生反映完全读懂文章但是由于思路问题，判断题经常做错，而很多考生通过投机取巧的方法却能把题目“蒙”对），所以雅思官方正在逐渐淡化这种题型。本次考试只有4个判断题，正说明了这一点：这种题型作为雅思的特色题型，在短时间内是不可能完全消失的，但数量上会下降。所以考生仍然不可忽视这种题型的复习。 未来几个月配对题数量将大大增加。之所以考生觉得配对题难，是因为这种题型几乎无法进行猜测，基本上要靠语言实力，也就是说只有读懂了才能把题目做对。其次，从猜对的概率上来看，判断题的概率是1/3, 单选题的概率为1/4, 但配对题根据题量或段落数的不同，可能性只有1/10到1/6左右，而且配对题中一旦一题做错，往往会影响后面的题目。这就决定了这种题目的难度，而正是因为此，这种题型受到了考官的青睐。 应对策略：考生要特别注意每一种题型的复习，切不可因侥幸心理忽视了某种题型技巧的复习，因为很有可能忽略的题型成为考试中的主导题型。 由于配对题对考生的词汇和句型理解要求相当高，所以每位考生在上考场之前一定要把自己的英语基本功打牢，达到雅思所要求的词汇量和语法要求。毕竟雅思考试是考查真实的语言能力。基础薄弱的同学一定要开始认真打基础，稳扎稳打，反复操练，逐渐积累，切不可迷信所谓“技巧”，因为任何应试技巧都是建立在英语基础之上的，没有扎实的英语功底，任何技巧都是空谈。基础较好而考分要求较高的同学也不可骄傲自大，应耐心地将自己做错的题目仔细和原文进行比对、分析，时间允许的话应当将文章进行仔细的阅读。
希望以上的答复能对您的留学申请有所帮助。如果您有任何更详细的问题或需要进一步的协助，我强烈推荐您访问我们的留学官方网站 ，在那里您可以找到更多专业的留学考试规划和留学资料以及一对一的咨询服务。祝您留学申请顺利！
2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young
您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！对于雅思考生来说，剑桥雅思阅读题难不难？下面就和小钟老师一起来看看2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young。
Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂ ＂Egypt，＂ ＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an adult.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brocklesby， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear expositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804， and according to Robinson， ＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章题目：
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托马斯·杨——最后一个无所不知的人
篇章结构
体裁人物传记
题目托马斯·杨——最后一个无所不知的人
结构A段：托马斯·杨对百科全书的主要成就
B段：托马斯年轻时的主要成就
C段：托马斯晚年的主要成就
D段：托马斯童年的生活背景及成长经历
E段：托马斯作为自然哲学学者取得的成就
F段： 托马斯在其他领域的成就
G段：托马斯的感情生活
试题分析
Question 1-7
题目类型：True / false /not given
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”该句中明确给出了Young还有其他的竞争者，他们的传记中也同样拥有这样的小标题，分别是Leonard Warren写的关于Joseph Leidy的传记，以及 Paula Findlen＇s写的关于Athanasius Kircher的传记。
因此，本题答案为True
2all， articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明确表示Young所做的远不仅仅是编辑大英百科全书的词条，因此并不是所有的都在百科全书。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20岁的时候将自己的第一篇论文自荐给伦敦皇家学会，并在一年后成为该学会的会员： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper与article为近意思。显然，题干与原文含义相反。
因此，本题答案为False
3likeC段最后一句C段整体是在介绍Young晚年的主要成就，即Young长大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明确指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一点在于，Young并没有像其他那些年少成名而后来江郎才尽的孩子一样，他后来同样取得了非凡的成就： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an adult.句中的unlike为like的反义词，显然题干与原文含义相反。
因此，本题答案为False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介绍了Young的成长背景和经历，同时体现出其涉猎范围较为广泛。其中第四句中提到Young决定学医，并且在后面的介绍中指出Young还参加戏剧演出，学习跳舞和吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young还是一名杰出的马术师。但是并未指出Young在哪个方面的造诣更高，更有天赋。Surpassing这个概念并没有在文中体现。
因此，本题答案为Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表明Young的很多观点关注人民和国家事务。题干与原文含义相同。
因此，本题答案为True
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，通过Young的医学演讲中乱写的希腊字母和拉丁短语以及将一位年轻女性写在凉亭上的诗歌翻译成希腊挽歌便能看出他的幽默。显然，Young对于这样的社交娱乐是感兴趣的。题干和原文相符合。
因此，本题答案为True
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句给出了“later in his life，”但是本段近讲述了Young晚年在学术方面的成就；G段给出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在书中并未提及Young与父母间的关系。但无论哪一个点都没有提及其晚年饱受某种疾病之苦。
因此，本题答案为Not Given
题目类型：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”该剧中的“biographical entries”指传记词条，与题干中的life stories表示相同涵义。
因此，本题答案为46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明，Young将自己的第一篇论文自荐给了伦敦皇家学会学会。因此本段讨论的是其第一篇论文。而本段第三句指出，在这篇论文中，Young主要讨论了人类眼球的调节机制
因此，本题答案为humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”该句指出，Young创造了术语 Indo-European来描述在欧洲大部分地区以及北印度使用的语言。
因此，本题答案为Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介绍了Young童年时期的生活背景。本段第四句中则指出：“Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。显然，正是因为 Richard Brocklesby的引导，Young才决定在医学方面有所建树。
因此，本题答案为 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，题干中的teaching position与E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教师职位”，该句明确指出，Young作为自然哲学的教授，受聘于英国科学研究所。
因此，本题答案为 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介绍了Young作为自然哲学学者取得的成就。而第五句则列举了Young的两个成就，其对于伦敦的所做出的成就在于煤气照明的引入。
因此，本题答案为gas lighting
A我们该怎样理解托马斯·杨（1773-1829）？他是《大不列颠百科全书》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇传记（大部分都是关于科学家和古典学者），和大量关于“桥” “色彩论” “埃及” “语吉” “潮汐”等的论文。一个能够写出这样多有权威性文章的人应该算是一个博学者？ 一个天才？还是一个业余兴趣广泛的人呢？在一篇关于他的比较激进的传记中，Andrew Robinson 认为托马斯杨是-位强有力的竞争者能够配得这样的墓志铭“是最后一个知道任何事的人”。但是杨也要面对竞争：因为这样的传记标题Robinson不仅给了他，也作为副标题给了有关另两位学者的传记：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物学家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的关于另一位博学者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的传记。
B当然杨的贡献远不止写了很多百科全书上的文章，他在20岁的时候将自己的第一篇论文自荐给伦敦皇家学会，并在他的21岁生日后被评为一周科学人物，杨在该篇论文中解释了人类眼睛的调节机制一一关于眼睛如何通过不同的距离聚焦在物体上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探讨了这个问题，类似牛顿，他在自己身上进行了可怕的实验用以获得相关的证据，他还得出这样的理论：光是通过“以太”分子的振动，以波的形式进行传递的，而“以太”是一种假想物质，其存在还存在争议性。他还认为为了能看见颜色，必须要有3个感应器对“三原色”进行感应，而这三种视网膜对其产生感应的颜色就是红，黄，蓝二种颜色。
C在他人生的晚些时候，也就是40多岁的时候，杨试图破解锁在罗塞塔石碑里的未知文字密码，这个石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破仑的军队发现的，并且从1802年起就在英国博物馆进行展出。该石碑上包含了 3种不同的字母：希腊语，不可辨识的文字以及埃及的象形文字。这种不可辨识的文字现在被认为是正如杨所推断的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相关的。他最初有关这方面的工作首次出现在他在《大不列颠百科全书》中编纂的词条。在另一个条目中，他创造了术语“Indo-European”来描述在欧洲大部分地区以及北印度使用的语言。这些都是这是这位从小就展露科学天赋并且不像很多孩子后来江郎才尽的科学家获得的里程碑式的成就。
D托马斯·杨出生在英国萨默塞特郡一个虔诚的教友会教徒家庭，从小和他的外公一起长大，最后去了寄宿学校。他两岁的时候就博览群书，并且自学熟练掌握了拉丁语，希腊语，数学以及哲学，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓励，他的舅舅也是英国皇家学会的一位内科医生。在Brocklesby的引导下，杨决定要在医学方而有所建树，他曾先后在伦敦大学、爱丁堡大学和格丁根大学学习医学，多亏了Brocklesby的引荐，杨进入了英国皇家学会，他最后也打破了从小在教友会的教育，他参加戏剧演出，学习跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他还是一位杰出的马术师。在1808年结束在剑桥大学的医学学习后，杨在伦敦开了一家诊所，很快他就成为皇家内科医生学会的一员，并且几年后成为圣乔治医院的一名内科医生。
E杨作为内科医生的医术却赶不上他作为自然哲学学者或是语言学家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已经被任命为英国皇家学会的教授，他每年要在那里举办60场的讲座。这些讲座在1807年以两本书的形式进行出版。1804年杨就已经成为英国朵家学会的秘书，而他获此殊荣直至去世。他的很多观点关注人民和国家事务，比如说在伦敦引进煤气照明和造船方法。从1819年起，他就是航海天文年历的主要负责人，也是Board of Longitude的秘书。从1824年到1829年，他担任Palladian 保险公司的精算师和内科医生。在1816年和1825年间，他为《大不列颠百科全书》编纂了许多词条，而且穷其一生著作，论文无数。
F我们通过杨在医学课上胡乱写的希腊字母和拉丁文短语以及他将一位年轻的女士写在避暑山庄墙上的诗句翻译成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的个人生活也因为自己对工作和研究的全情投入而略显苍白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell结婚，据Robinson所述“他们的婚姻是幸福的，因为他的夫人欣赏他的工作”。我们对于他夫人的了解仅限于她在她丈夫备受一些关于眼睛的理论方面争议的时候总是坚定地支持他，并且当他的医学生涯开始慢慢起飞的时候，她开始有些担心钱的问题。值得一提的是，杨没有被保护的人，他都是和自己的导师进行互动一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一还有先于他过失的一些伟人（其中很多是很著名的如牛顿，杨最早在17岁读了他写的书）。但是关于杨和他母亲以及父亲的关系的记述却鲜力人知，Robinson在说到杨的非凡的头脑时也并没有将其归功于他的父母，或许很难有这样的巧合：过去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。
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