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剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析110
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A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if an modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra ，near Milan.
● 分析：
全句主干为:“A breakthrough... could be brought for ward……;主语breakthrough被介词短语in the provision of……European Economic Community (EEC)修饰.而provision又被两个介词短语所修饰:一是在逻辑上与之构成直接宾语的of energy from the sun,另一个是目的状语for the European Economic Community。if引导的从句为主句的状语:according to引导的介词短语也作状语，其中过去分词短语engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra，near Milan修饰scientists.作定语。
● 编辑推荐：
突破雅思“长难句”解析结构剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析专题以上就是为大家整理的部分雅思阅读题，非常实用，各位烤鸭们都记住了吗？
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雅思阅读的出题规律解析
分析雅思阅读真题的出题规律对于大家的雅思阅读备考有很大的好处，因为这样就可以节省很多的时间和精力。大家就可以把注意力集中放在最常出现的几个类别上面了。下面雅思就为大家整理了以雅思剑桥系列为准的对雅思阅读真题出题规律的分析。Test1的题型组合：5题段落归属配对题，7题段落小标题，8题归纳摘要题，12题是非无判断题，还有4题选择题，最后还有4题为完成句子填空题。从这个test我们可以看出它跟现行考试的'特点是完全符合的。
Test 2的题型组合：4题段落归属配对题，6题分类题，5题归纳摘要题，4题段落小标题，13题是非无判断题，4题完成句子ending题，还有4题选择题。Test2的题型比 Test1要更加丰富，不过总体而言，前三大题型的归属还是没有变化的。
Test3的题型组合：13题是非无判断题，6题信息配对题，6题分类题，6题段落小标题，7题归纳摘要题，还有4题选择题，6题填表题和2题选择题。Test 3 的题型设置跟前面两个test有些不同的地方。填表题和信息配对题在这个test中出现了。但是这类题目的难度并不高，因此整体难度并不大。
Test4的题型： 6题人名观点配对题，14题是非无判断题，11题归纳摘要题，6题完成句子题，3题选择题。在这篇试题中人名观点配对题的特殊之处在于：有一个选项是以上所有人名都不是，这在以前的雅思考试题型中都没有出现过。考生应对此类出题方式引起重视。
2023年雅思写作三类关系总结
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2023年雅思写作三类关系总结
雅思大作文中有一类题目是因果关系类，具体包括三小类：cause and effect、cause and solution、problem and solution。这三小类问题也可以穿起来，即针对某个topic的cause—effect (即problem) – solution。
无论哪种题目，写明因果关系很重要。关于因果关系的表达同学们都很熟悉，无非是BS(because / so)，而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英语中，用了前者就不能用后者的道理。例如：
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Because further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, an increasing number of people have degrees.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, so an increasing number of people have degrees.
但是除了BS之外，还有很多其它表示因果关系的表达，具体如下：
Because系列(表原因)：
1. because of : because后接的是一个句子(主谓宾);because of 后一般直接跟名词。例如：
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Because of the increasing number of machine—and as we noted before, machines magnify human effort—then anyone using a machine can get a higher wage than anyone not using a machine.
2. as / since(除了“因为“外，还有”自从”的意思，使用时要注意避免歧义)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Hours spent on commuting, traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, sinceworkers make fewer journeys or work staggered hours.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Unfortunately, as the number of people living in the city increases, so do the different problems associated with population growth. (注意此句中的so不表示“所以”，而是“…也…”的意思)
3. thanks to(positive situations通常适用于结果好的时候)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Thanks to new technology, it's easier than ever to work remotely.
due to (negative situations通常使用与结果不好的时候)
owing to / attributable to /on account of.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Due to /… / On account ofextreme weather conditions, damage to property occurs.
4. 当原因需要的表达较多时，我们还可以把以上表达改写为原因状语从句，使用thanks to the fact that / due to the fact that /owing to the fact that或者on the grounds that ,,,
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Will we live longer merely due to the fact that / on the grounds that technology, if implemented properly, will take stress away from our lives
5. caused by /result from也表原因
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Many car accidents were resulted from / caused bya lack of guardrails
So系列(表结果)：
1. thus/ therefore/ thereby / hence
thus：表示‘in this/that way’
As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas.
therefore：表示 ‘for this reason’ /‘because of this or that’
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Therefore, the influence of the peer group is important both for one’s own competence and for the relative evaluation of the process itself, given that one sees oneself in relation to others.
thereby:by that means, as a result of that
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结In some countries, reduced budgets have led to the elimination of busing systems, therebyincreasing the use of cars and the congestion they create.
hence: 表示 ‘from this/that’
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Drinking lots of water is healthy and reducing plastic waste is great for the environment. Hence, trendy reusable water bottles that you can refill yourself are health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green.
2.As a result /As a consequence
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结As a consequence, environmental health must address the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.
3.consequently/ accordingly
Consequently更偏重因果逻辑;accordingly更偏重后续解决
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.
Cause系列(表结果)：
1. cause(v.)引起
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The amount of garbage produced by the people also increases whichcauses sanitary landfills to fill up faster.
2. lead to / result in导致
注意这里是result in, 后跟结果，前面提到的result from后面跟的是原因。
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The society’s attitude to food often leads to over-consumption.
3. bring about: to cause to take place 引起，带来(注意使用时更倾向于“带来“这个意思)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The internet technologies that have brought about so much social change were scarcely imaginable just decades before they appeared.
4.spark off引发、引爆，具体指引发比较严重的后果、冲突等(=trigger / activate)，或指”点燃“(=inspire)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Spark offa series of problems / a chain of events related to…
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结They can spark off each other's talents
affect系列(影响到)
1. Affect / influence
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结More likely than not, getting a vehicle from point "A" to point "B" involves combustion of a fossil fuel, a process that emits gasses and affectsthe environment and the ozone layer.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结People's behavioris influenced by circumstances and events, friends and family, education, job prospects, income, housing and environment.
2. impact on对…产生影响 (impact 一般做名词使用，也可以作为动词)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Over the last few decades, there has been a tremendous growth in information technology, which can impact onour everyday life.
3. give rise to使发生
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The decrease inthe number of bicycles and cars might give rise to anothernew set of problems.
名词系列(因果)
1. cause(of sth.) / reason 原因
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Obesity can be divided into three main causes – diet, lifestyle and education.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons.
2. result (for sth.) / effect 结果
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结This is a difficult problem with many seriouseffects on the individual and country.
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Another result is lack of self-esteem.
3. causality因果关系 (cause and effect)causation 原因
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结The correlation between population and housing price does not indicated causality, only the association.这里的causality也可以换成： causal effect (因果效应)
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Such a causality-driven, prevention-focused approach to homicide and other serious crime would revolutionize our conception of criminal justice, moving from the imposition of “just deserts” to the enlightened pursuit of a less violent society.
4. impact/ influence影响
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结This area is often overlooked but has a tremendous impact on your life
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Friends have a biginfluence on the way that we use social media—from unwritten rules to buying decisions and so much more.
形容词系列(因果)表示因果的形容词不是很常用，使用时多和factor, element 结合
1.causal 原因的，因果的
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Low income and elderly are among the potential causalfactors of prevalence of obesity among adults.
2.consequential 结果的，随之发生的
雅思写作中因果关系难倒考生 三类关系干货总结Measures other than ratings will prove more consequential.
3.influential影响的，有影响力的(大多数情况下使用第二个意思)
Family is the most influential factor on happiness.
如果能够准确无误的使用以上因果关系表达，就完成了二段修炼。当然，有输入才能有输出，刘美娟老师建议大家还是要多看多写多练。
雅思作文栏目推荐阅读：
雅思大作文写法步骤
雅思小作文中分布解析饼形图的写作技巧
雅思写作中陌生词汇的表达方法
剑桥雅思11Test1Task1小作文范文及解析
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